Physics Note

Physics Note From Scribd

2009-02-26T02:55:00.003-11:00

SPM Physics Form 4

03 Force and Pressure

SPM Physics Form 5

ONE-SCHOOL.NET

2009-02-07T20:05:00.001-11:00

One-School.net is an Online Learning Portal for Malaysia PMR and SPM students, offering various learning and teaching material for tuition, home tuition, self-study and school classes.
In this website, you can find a lot of free online reference books and notes for PMR and SPM subjects, including science, mathematics, add maths, chemistry, physics and ext. All this material is prepared by a group of experienced tutors and teachers.We also provide a study forum for students and teachers to discuss their academic problems. This forums is managed by a few volunteer teachers, who have years experience in teaching particular subjects, including SPM Physics, Chemistry and Additional mathematics, just name a few.
In this website, you can also find a lot of useful links to various online references, such as dictionary, encyclopedia, free online library and ext. We are currently building a series of SPM and PMR reference books by a group of volunteer teachers. The subjects that are currently planned are SPM Chemistry, Physics, Biology, General Science, Mathematic and Additional Mathematics. More subjects will be included in this project in the future.
FREE E-Books

One-School.net is planning to build a series of online free reference books and notes for Malaysia's teachers and students. This project is sponsored by an online tuition Company, and is developed by a group of volunteer teachers.
Currently most of the books are still under construction. The content of the books will be added in from time to time.

Chapter 1 Form 5 : Wave - Physics Note/ Activity

2009-01-24T04:14:00.005-11:00

1.3 ANALYSING REFRACTION OF WAVES
a) Refraction of water waves,
b) Refraction of light waves,
c) Refraction of sound waves.

Introduction :
1. Refraction of waves ;
- “ When a wave traveling in one medium crosses the boundary into a medium where its velocity is different, the transmitted wave may move in a different direction than the incident wave.”

2. Effect of refraction of waves ;
v, (velocity)
will change after refraction.
f, (frequency)
same before and after refraction.
ג, (wavelength)
will change after refraction.

a) Refraction of water waves :
1.“ when a water wave travelling from deep area to shallow area.”
2. The characteristics of the refracted of water waves are as below ;
גג deep > ג shallow
f same before and after refraction ( f = constant ),
v deep > v shallow
Deep area
Refractred near to normal line. (angle of i ≠ 0 )
Shallow area
Refracted far from normal line. ( i ≠ 0)
f = constant
f = v / ג
v1 / ג 1 = v2 / ג 2

3. A pattern of refraction of water waves.
- different types of transparent plate/perspecs plate.

b) Refraction of light waves :
1. “When a light wave travelling in one medium crosses the boundary into a medium with different density where it velocity is different.”
2. v = at low density medium.
3. v = at high density medium.
4. Example of refraction of light wave ,

c) Refraction of sound waves :

1. Sound waves travel faster in warm air than in cool air.
2. On a hot day :
The hot surface of the earth causes the layer of air near the surface to be warmer. This causes sound waves to be refracted away from the earth.
On a cool night :
The sound waves travel slower in the cooler layer of air near the surface of the earth than in the upper, warmer air. As a result, the waves are refracted towards the earth.
3. This explains why sound can be heard over a longer distance on a cold night compared with a hot day as illustrated as figure below.

{Link to activity}

The “Silver Egg” Demo

2009-01-18T20:11:00.005-11:00

Use tongs to hold a normal egg in a candle flame until it is covered with soot. Drop the soot-covered egg into a glass of water. A considerable amount of the light traveling through the water is totally internally reflected when it encounters an air layer that adheres to the soot. Since most of the light is reflected, the egg appears to have a silvery, shiny surface.

The egg will appear silvery until the air dissolves into the water, which only takes a couple of minutes.

Look closely to observe what happens to the small fraction of light that passes through the air layer.

2009-01-11T15:24:00.003-11:00

Coiled springs are excellent materials for analyzing a variety of wave behaviors. In
this activity, you will examine transverse and longitudinal pulses, fixed- and free-end reflections, constructive and destructive interference, standing waves, and the behavior of waves when they reach new transmitting media.

A. Send a transverse pulse down a stretched large coil spring. Observe the motion of the
spring’s coils. Draw a sketch of the pulse traveling down the spring.

Why is this pulse called a transverse pulse?

B. Observe the speed of the pulse while varying the pulse amplitude. What happens to the
speed of the pulse as the amplitude changes?

C. Observe the speed of the pulse while varying the tension in the spring. What do you notice
about the pulse speed with respect to changes in tension?

D. Does the stretched spring under different tensions represent the same or different
transmitting media?

E. Maintain a constant tension and send continuous wave trains of varying frequencies down
the spring. What happens to the wavelength as the frequency increases?

WAVE INTERFERNCE

F. Send two pulses of approximately the same amplitude from opposite ends of the spring
toward each other on the same side of the spring. What do you observe?

Do the two disturbances “bounce off” each other or pass right through each other?

What do you notice when the pulses “overlap”?

Draw sketches showing the pulses, labeled “A” and “B”, before, during, and after they
meet.

G. Send two pulses of approximately the same amplitude from opposite ends of the spring
toward each other on opposite sides of the spring. What do you observe?

Do the two disturbances “bounce off” each other or pass right through each other?

What do you notice when the pulses “overlap”?

Draw sketches showing the pulses (labeled “A” and “B”) before, during, and after they
meet.

WAVE REFLECTION

H. Hold the spring firmly down in place at the far end and send a pulse down the spring.
Describe and illustrate your observations of reflection from this “fixed end.”

I. Attach and hold a light string on one end of the spring and send a pulse from the other
end. Describe and illustrate your observations of reflection from this “free end.”

WAVE BEHAVIOR AT MEDIA BOUNDARIES

J. Attach the two springs together and send a pulse from the large spring. Record your
observations.

K. What happens to the wave speed when the pulse goes from the large spring to the small
spring?

.…from the small spring into the large spring?

L. Did you notice any reflection when the pulse reached the junction where the two springs
were connected?

Did more of the wave seem to be transmitted or reflected?

Think of a common example where light waves partially reflect and partially transmit when
they reach the boundary of the transmitting media.

STANDING WAVES

M. While holding one end of the large spring firmly in place, move the other end of the spring
continuously back and forth to send a continuous wave train down the spring. Adjust your
frequency until a standing wave with two “loops” is obtained.
Now change your frequency of vibration until more loops are formed. Since the speed of
the wave remains constant (do you know why?), shaking the spring with a higher frequency
does what to the wavelength?

In order to obtain standing waves with more loops when the speed of the wave is constant,
what must be done to the frequency of vibration?

How could you determine the wavelength of the wave when a standing wave pattern is
observed?

Draw sketches of standing waves having one, two, three, and four loops. Indicate on your
sketches how the wavelength could be measured.

LONGITUDINAL PULSES

N. Stretch the large spring and send a longitudinal pulse down the spring. Observe the
motion of the spring coils. Draw a sketch of the pulse traveling down the spring.

Why is this pulse called a longitudinal pulse?

Note:
Wave properties such as diffraction and refraction unfortunately cannot be observed with coiled springs.

Chapter 1 Form 5 : Wave

2009-01-09T17:39:00.009-11:00

1.0 WAVES

1.1 UNDERSTANDING WAVES
1.2 ANALYSING REFLECTION OF WAVES

WAVES
Cause by vibrations or oscillations.
Transport energy without permanently displacing the medium.
Can either be a Mechanical waves which require a medium to travel eg. Sound wave or
Electromagnetic waves which do not require a medium to travel.
Note : [ Download ]
Activity : [ Download ]
Answer : [ Download ]

1.3 ANALYSING REFRACTION OF WAVES
a) Refraction of water waves,
b) Refraction of light waves,
c) Refraction of sound waves.

Introduction :
1. Refraction of waves ;
- “ When a wave traveling in one medium crosses the boundary into a medium where its velocity is different, the transmitted wave may move in a different direction than the incident wave.”

under!! Sorry come again

Physics Note - Chapter 1 Wave : Form 5

2009-01-07T18:06:00.007-11:00

Wave Modeling [Download]

Purpose:

1. model transverse and longitudinal waves
2. identify and measure wave characteristics

Materials:

· “butcher” paper ( 5-7 feet long, 2-3 feet wide) or slinky spring, stopwatch, meter stick, markers

Procedure:

Each group should have three members.

Place the large sheet of butcher paper on the lab table.
One group member steadily pulls the paper across the table while another member moves the marker back and forth over the paper. The arm should swing freely as a pendulum. The third group member uses the stopwatch to measure the amount of time needed to sketch the wave motion across the entire length of paper.

A transverse wave may be modeled when the marker moves back and forth perpendicularly to the direction of the moving paper. A longitudinal wave may be modeled when the marker moves back and forth across the paper parallel to its direction of movement. If done carefully, you should see nice consistent shapes for these two wave models.

For each of these two wave models:

· Record the total time of the wave motion on the paper.
· Label, measure, and record the wavelength of the wave.
· Label, measure, and record the amplitude of the wave.
· Count the number of complete vibrations and divide by the total time to obtain the frequency of the wave.
· Divide the total time by the number of complete vibrations to obtain the period of the wave.
· Find the wave’s velocity by measuring the total distance the wave traveled and dividing this value by the total time.
· Now calculate the wave’s velocity by multiplying the recorded frequency of the wave by the measured wavelength. Compare this result with the velocity obtained using the total distance and time.

Show all work and calculations on the butcher paper.

Physics Notes by subtopic

next time!!!!!!

Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools

2008-12-26T04:00:00.004-11:00

Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools
Curriculum Specifications
Physics

PHYSICS FORM 4 :Yearly Lesson Plan [ DOWNLOAD ]

PHYSICS FORM 5 : Yearly Lesson Plan [ DOWNLOAD ]

Try update lesson plan if you can!!!

New Yearly Lesson Plan Form 5 { DOWNLOAD }

Physics - PEKA

2008-12-26T02:22:00.005-11:00

Situation : (SAMPLE)

Observe the situation above. The boy is thinking about the swing between two kids

Using the information :
(a) Make a suitable inference
(b) State a suitable hypothesis that can be studied
Using proper apparatus such as meter rule, stopwatch, string, pendulum bob, retort stand etc

(c) Elaborate one experiment to test your hypothesis. Include the information below in your report :

i. Purpose of experiment
ii. Variable exist in the experiment
iii. List of apparatus
iv. Apparatus arrangement
v. Procedures to control manipulated variable and responding variable.
vi. Method of tabulating data and analyzing data
vii. Using the procedures run a experiment and make a analysis and conclusion.

PWE Report (Practical Work Evaluation)

PEKA 1 : SIMPLE PENDULUM [DOWNLOAD]

PEKA 2 : HOOKE LAW EXPERIMENT [DOWNLOAD]

PEKA 3 : INERTIA EXPERIMENT [DOWNLOAD]

PEKA 4 : REFRACTION EXPERIMENT [DOWNLOAD]

PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES

A front page [ Download ]

EvidenceParticularsForm [ Download ]

RecordofEvidence [ Download ]

PhysicsPEKAConstruct [ Download ]

PRACTICALASSESSMENTGUIDELINES [ Download ]

ISF [ Download ]

MainGradingForm [ Download ]

CERTIFICATE [ Download ]

Precautionsofexperimentofphysics [ Download ]

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

2008-12-22T13:31:00.003-11:00

Look outside the window and you may see the leaves
of a tree falling down.

There will some students who would not even have
noticed the leaves falling. Some may have seen the
Photo 1: Asking appropriate questions helps us under stand the physical phenomena in the world around us falling leaves but this not register what they saw.
Other may admire the beauty of the falling leaves . Still
others may ask some questions about the falling leaves;
Why did the leaves fall down and not to fly up ?
Would the larger leaves fall faster ?
Would a heavier leaf fall faster?

************************************************************

1.1 Understanding Physics

1.2 Understanding Base and Derived Quantities

1.3 Understanding Scalar and Vector Quantities

1.4 Understanding measurements

1.5 Scientific Investigations

1.6 Investigative Practice and Systematic Problem Solving

[ DOWNLOAD CHAPTER 1 NOTE ]

Q. Why should I have to study physics if I'm going to be a doctor - lawyer - etc?

2008-12-21T13:36:00.001-11:00

Physics, as a discipline - especially at an undergraduate level, teaches many things that are important in all walks of life

1) Problem Solving skills - the typical physics course is more problem solving based than any other subject (except perhaps mathematics) and the problems are often more practical. If you want to be a doctor, say, skill at quickly thinking about the problems of "what is wrong with this patient" could mean the difference between life and death.

2) Real World Familiarity - Freshman physics courses tend to teach about the every-day, real, world. You learn about how things move, how they fall, what friction means, what constraints conservation of energy and momentum can put on a system.

3) Relevant information - Physics is directly relevant to the core of many fields which might seem separate at first glance. Engineers build bridges, but they need to understand the forces involved and how bridges react to stress in order to build safe ones. Biologists look at proteins and DNA - the structures of which are measured using diffraction techniques developed by physicists, and only really understood through physics. Biologists also use light and lasers to make fluorescence measurements to keep track of the chemicals present - physics illuminates the devices, lenses, microscopes and the very colors of the dies used!

As you can see, there are many good reasons to study physics, no matter what your career goal might be - but the most important is that physics is constantly unveiling new facts about our universe - from the very small, like new semiconductors and superconductors, to the very large, like black holes and galaxies - do you want to understand what is coming, or do you want to be left behind?